EPC in Brussels: regulations and timeline
EPC regulations in Brussels: obligations, timeline and sanctions for landlords.
The legal framework of EPC in Brussels
The Brussels-Capital Region is the strictest of the three regions regarding building energy performance. The ordinance of 2 May 2013 on the Brussels Code for Air, Climate and Energy Management (COBRACE) lays the foundations. Since 2022, supplementary decrees have set a binding timeline for landlords.
Every property let in Brussels must have a valid EPC certificate (10 years). This certificate must be presented to prospective tenants from the publication of the listing and annexed to the lease.
The Brussels EPC is issued by a certified assessor approved by Brussels Environment. The scale runs from A (very efficient) to G (energy sieve). The value is expressed in kWh/sqm per year.
Timeline of minimum scores in Brussels
The Brussels timeline is the most ambitious in Belgium:
| Deadline | Minimum score required | Properties affected |
|---|---|---|
| 1 January 2025 | F (G banned) | All let dwellings |
| 1 January 2028 | E (F banned) | All let dwellings |
| 1 January 2033 | D (E banned) | All let dwellings |
| 1 January 2036 | C (D banned) | All let dwellings |
| 1 January 2045 | B | Long-term target |
Since 1 November 2022, rent indexation is limited or prohibited for poorly rated properties:
| EPC score | Indexation allowed |
|---|---|
| A, B, C, D | 100 % indexation |
| E | 50 % indexation |
| F, G | 0 % — indexation prohibited |
A G-rated property in Brussels faces a double penalty: banned from letting since 2025 AND total indexation freeze. The cumulative shortfall over a 9-year lease can exceed the cost of improvement works.
This timeline applies only to primary residence leases. Commercial leases and short-term tourist lets are not subject to the same rules, but must still have a valid EPC certificate.
Penalties for non-compliance
Brussels Environment is the competent authority for inspections. Penalties are progressive:
| Infringement | Penalty |
|---|---|
| No EPC certificate at letting | EUR 500 - 25,000 |
| Letting a property below minimum score | EUR 2,500 - 25,000 |
| Not presenting EPC to prospective tenant | EUR 250 - 25,000 |
| Expired EPC certificate (> 10 years) | EUR 500 - 25,000 |
If a tenant files a complaint, the Regional Housing Inspection Directorate (DIRL) can order an inspection. If the property is found non-compliant, the landlord receives a formal notice with a deadline to comply.
Fines are cumulative: a landlord without a valid EPC AND below the minimum score can be fined for both infringements.
For other regions, consult our guides on EPC in Wallonia and EPC in Flanders.
Practical steps for Brussels landlords
Step 1: Check your current EPC certificate. Log in to the Brussels Environment portal to download your certificate. If it is over 10 years old, have it renewed.
Step 2: Assess the works needed. If your property is rated E, F or G, commission an energy audit via the Renolution programme. The audit is partially subsidised.
Step 3: Plan works according to the timeline. If your property is rated G, works are urgent (ban already in effect). For an F-rated property, you have until 2028. Prioritise insulation and high-impact works.
Step 4: Apply for grants. The Renolution programme offers substantial grants, especially for low incomes. Submit your application before works begin.
Step 5: Get certified. After works, a new EPC certificate is essential to prove compliance and unlock indexation. Store the certificate in your rental management software for easy retrieval.