In Belgium

Planning permission (permis d’urbanisme / stedenbouwkundige vergunning / omgevingsvergunning) is the administrative authorisation required before carrying out certain types of works on a property. It ensures that the works comply with urban zoning rules, building regulations and environmental standards.

Works requiring permission:

  • New construction and extensions
  • Significant facade modifications
  • Change of use (residential to commercial, or vice versa)
  • Division of a dwelling into multiple units
  • Demolition
  • Significant interior restructuring affecting the building’s stability

Works generally exempt:

  • Interior painting and decorating
  • Like-for-like replacement of windows (same size, same material)
  • Garden landscaping (with exceptions)
  • Minor interior modifications not affecting structure

How it works

Application. The owner submits an application to the municipal urban planning department, including architectural plans, photographs and a description of the works. An architect is required for most applications.

Processing. Simple applications: 30-75 days. Complex applications (requiring public inquiry): up to 150 days or more.

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Good to know
Dividing a single dwelling into multiple rental units always requires planning permission. Renting out units created without the proper permit is illegal and can result in fines, rental bans and demolition orders.

Practical example

Marc wants to convert the ground floor of his house in Brussels into two studio apartments for rental. He needs planning permission: he hires an architect, submits plans showing the new layout, and applies to the municipality. After 60 days, the permit is granted with conditions (fire safety, parking, EPC). Without this permit, the studios cannot be legally rented.