In Belgium
Individual meters measure the water, gas or electricity consumption of a specific rental unit, enabling the landlord to bill each tenant based on their actual usage rather than distributing costs equally.
Types:
- Electricity: individual meters are standard in most Belgian apartments (separate contract with the energy supplier)
- Gas: individual meters exist in newer buildings; older buildings often have collective heating
- Water: many older Belgian buildings have a single water meter, with costs distributed among tenants
How it works
Direct contract. With an individual meter, the tenant can often open a direct contract with the utility supplier (electricity, gas). The tenant pays the supplier directly, and the charge does not pass through the landlord.
Sub-metering. When a building has a single main meter, the landlord can install sub-meters to measure individual consumption. The landlord pays the main bill and invoices each tenant based on their sub-meter reading.
Practical example
A 4-unit building in Liege has one main water meter. The landlord installs 4 sub-meters (cost: 800 EUR total). Annual water bill: 2,400 EUR. Instead of splitting equally (600 EUR each), the sub-meters reveal: Unit A = 800 EUR, Unit B = 400 EUR, Unit C = 700 EUR, Unit D = 500 EUR. Each tenant pays based on actual usage.