In Belgium

A social housing unit (logement social / sociale huisvesting) is a specific dwelling within the social housing stock, owned and managed by a public or semi-public body. These units are subject to a distinct legal regime that differs from private rental law.

Key differences from private rentals:

  • The lease is governed by specific regional regulations, not the general residential lease framework
  • Rent is income-based, not market-based
  • The tenant has limited freedom to modify the property
  • Strict occupancy rules apply (main residence, no subletting, household declarations)

How it works

Allocation. Units are allocated from waiting lists maintained by local housing companies. Priority is given based on social criteria: urgency of housing need, household size, disability, income level.

Lease terms. Social housing leases are typically open-ended. However, some Regions have introduced periodic reassessment: if the tenant’s income rises significantly above the threshold, they may be asked to move to a larger or private-sector unit.

Maintenance. The housing company is responsible for major structural repairs. The tenant handles day-to-day maintenance and minor repairs, similar to private rentals.

Tenant obligations. Maintain the property in good condition, occupy it as a main residence, declare income changes, respect rules of good neighbourliness, and allow access for inspections.

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Good to know
In Flanders, tenants whose income exceeds the admission threshold for two consecutive years may face a rent surcharge or be required to leave. This “income review” mechanism aims to ensure social housing remains available for those most in need.

Practical example

A couple in Wallonia is allocated a social housing unit managed by their local SLSP. Their combined income is 30,000 EUR/year, resulting in a monthly rent of 420 EUR. Two years later, one partner receives a promotion and their income rises to 48,000 EUR. At the next income reassessment, their rent increases to 580 EUR. If their income exceeds the threshold for a third consecutive year, the SLSP may propose relocation to free up the unit.