In Belgium
Compensatory notice (preavis compensatoire / opzegvergoeding) is paid when a party terminates without serving the required notice period.
Tenant leaving in year 1: 3 months notice + 3 months compensation. Year 2: 3 + 2 months. Year 3+: 3 months notice only.
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Good to know
A tenant in the first year who leaves immediately owes 6 months’ rent total (3 months notice + 3 months compensation).
Practical example
Pierre in year 1 at 800 EUR/month wants to leave immediately. He owes: 3 months notice (2,400 EUR) + 3 months compensation (2,400 EUR) = 4,800 EUR.