FAQ — Disputes & eviction

The full procedure generally takes 3 to 6 months: formal demand, summons to the justice of the peace, judgment, enforcement period. The tenant often receives an additional one-month grace period.

A neutral mediator helps the parties reach an agreement. Mediation is voluntary, confidential and often free through regional services. It avoids the costs and delays of legal proceedings.

By written request (free) or by summons via a bailiff (paid but faster). The justice of the peace for the canton where the property is located has jurisdiction. The hearing takes place within 2-4 weeks.

There is no legal winter truce in Belgium (unlike France). However, the justice of the peace may grant additional time for humanitarian reasons.

Yes, the conciliation attempt before the justice of the peace is free and voluntary. If the parties reach an agreement, it is recorded in official minutes that have enforceable force.

1. Amicable contact. 2. Formal demand by registered letter. 3. Free conciliation at the justice of the peace. 4. Summons if conciliation fails. 5. Judgment ordering payment and possibly lease termination.

Yes, with the judge's authorisation and police presence if necessary. The bailiff must first serve the judgment and allow an enforcement period (generally 1 month).

Yes, the legal aid bureau (BAJ) provides a free or partially free lawyer depending on income. Tenant unions also offer free consultations.

The bailiff inventories the belongings and stores them at the tenant's expense. If the tenant does not collect them within the set deadline, they may be sold or destroyed.

The judge generally orders the losing party to pay the costs (bailiff fees, procedural indemnity). Lawyer fees are only partially recoverable through the procedural indemnity.