Identity documents
Each signatory must present a valid identity document at the time of signing:
- Belgian identity card (eID): standard document for Belgian residents.
- Passport: for foreign signatories or in the absence of an eID.
- Residence permit: for non-EU nationals with a residence permit in Belgium.
The landlord has the right to verify the tenant’s identity and keep a copy. The national register number appears in the lease.
The lease itself
The contract must meet several formal requirements:
- Drafted in at least two copies: one for the landlord, one for the tenant. An additional copy is needed for registration with the FPS Finance.
- Mandatory details: identity of the parties, property description, rent and charge amounts, lease duration, start date.
- Signature on every page: each party signs or initials every page of the lease to prevent any dispute.
It is possible to create a compliant lease online to ensure all legally required details are present.
Mandatory annexes
Several documents must accompany the lease at the time of signing:
- EPC certificate: mandatory in all three Belgian regions. The energy label must appear in the lease.
- Entry inventory of fixtures: mandatory for a primary residence lease. Must be drawn up on an adversarial basis or by an independent expert.
- Co-ownership rules (extracts): if the property is in a co-ownership building, the relevant clauses for the tenant must be annexed.
The inventory may be completed within the month following moving in, but it is recommended to finalise it before handing over the keys.
Region-specific annexes
Each Belgian region imposes additional documents:
| Region | Document | Obligation |
|---|---|---|
| Brussels | Indicative rent grid | Must be communicated to the tenant |
| Brussels | Fire safety certificate | Depending on property type |
| Wallonia | Rental permit | Mandatory for collective and small housing |
| Flanders | Conformity certificate | Required in certain municipalities |
Before signing, check the specific obligations for the region where the property is located: lease in Brussels | lease in Wallonia | lease in Flanders.
For the complete list of pre-signing checks: what to check before signing.