The tenant can change locks with conditions
Yes, the tenant can change the locks for security reasons. They must inform the landlord and, if the lease requires it, provide a set of keys. At the end of the lease, the tenant must restore the original locks or pay for replacement. The landlord cannot absolutely prohibit lock changes.
The tenant’s right to change locks is based on the right to peaceful enjoyment of the property (article 1719 of the Civil Code). The tenant lives in the property and has a legitimate interest in controlling access. However, this right is not unlimited.
Conditions and limits
| Condition | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Inform the landlord | Written notification recommended |
| Provide keys | Only if explicitly required by the lease |
| Keep original locks | For restoration at the end of the lease |
| Emergency access | Landlord must be able to access in emergencies |
| Quality | New locks must be at least equivalent quality |
The landlord has a right of access in specific situations: urgent repairs, visits during the notice period (2 hours/business day), and entry/exit inventory. Changing locks does not eliminate these rights, but the landlord must always arrange access in advance.
End of lease obligations
At the end of the lease:
- Restore original locks or pay the cost of restoration
- Return all keys (original and any copies)
- The exit inventory will note the state of locks and doors
- If the locks are damaged or missing, the cost is deducted from the deposit
If the tenant changed the locks and the exit inventory shows no issue, there is typically no cost to the tenant.
Regional specifics
Brussels-Capital Region
The Ordinance of 27 July 2017 does not specifically address lock changes. The general Civil Code rules apply.
Wallonia
The Decree of 15 March 2018 applies the same framework. No specific Walloon rules on lock changes.
Flanders
The Flemish Housing Rental Decree of 9 November 2018 does not add specific rules. The general principles apply.
Civil Code, article 1719 (peaceful enjoyment). Civil Code, article 1730 (return of property). Constitution, article 15 (inviolability of the home).